Allen Wrenches, Hex Key Specifications, History and Common Uses.
Allen Wrenches, or hex keys as they are commonly called, have been around since the mid 1800s but were made into the common wrench you see today by Allen Manufacturing Company out of Connecticut in the early 1900s. The hallmark of the Allen Wrench is the six-sided L-shaped wrench used to drive hexagon recessed socket screws used almost every facet of our modern lives.

Allen Keys work with the following fasteners:

Some of the main benefit of the Allen Wrench include: 

  • Snug, solid connection with the connecting screw due to their six points of contact.
  • Doesn’t ‘Cam-Out’ or slip like Phillips or Slotted screwdrivers do.
  • Access to difficult-to-reach spots due to the low-profile nature.
  • Incredibly common and economical.
  • Simple, small, and light and can be used with very small screws.
  • Durable tool that can be refinished by simply cutting back tool to fresh portion.
  • Available in both US / Inch and Metric sizes.
  • Modern hex insert driver bits can be used with cordless drivers.
  • Drive recess of the fastener is recessed and protected from external damage.
  • US Short Arm Hex / Allen Key Sizes (ASME B18.3-2012)

    Hex Key Size Min Width Across Flats Length of Short Section Length of Long Section
    Max Min Max Min
    0.028" 0.0275" 0.312" 0.125" 1.312 1.125
    0.035" 0.0345" 0.438" 0.250" 1.312 1.125
    0.050" 0.049" 0.625" 0.438" 1.75 1.562
    1/16" 0.0615" 0.656" 0.469" 1.844 1.656
    5/64" 0.0771" 0.703" 0.516" 1.969 1.781
    3/32" 0.0927" 0.750" 0.562" 2.094 1.906
    7/64" 0.1077" 0.797" 0.609" 2.219 2.031
    1/8" 0.1235" 0.844" 0.656" 2.344 2.156
    9/64" 0.1391" 0.891" 0.703" 2.469 2.281
    5/32" 0.1547" 0.938" 0.750" 2.594 2.406
    3/16" 0.1860" 1.031" 0.844" 2.844 2.656
    7/32" 0.2172" 1.125" 0.938" 3.094 2.906
    1/4" 0.2480" 1.219" 1.031" 3.344 3.156
    5/16" 0.3110" 1.344" 1.156" 3.844 3.656
    3/8" 0.3730" 1.469" 1.281" 4.344 4.156
    7/16" 0.4355" 1.594" 1.406" 4.844 4.656
    1/2" 0.4975" 1.719" 1.531" 5.344 5.156
    9/16" 0.5600" 1.844" 1.656" 5.844 5.656
    5/8" 0.6225" 1.969" 1.781" 6.344 6.156
    3/4" 0.7470" 2.219" 2.031" 7.344 7.156
    7/8" 0.8720" 2.469" 2.281" 8.344 8.156
    1" 0.9970" 2.719" 2.531" 9.344 9.156

     

    Metric Short Arm Hex / Allen Key Sizes (DIN 911)

    Hex Key Size Min Width Across Flats Length of Short Section Length of Long Section
    Max Min Max Min
    M0.9 0.876mm 11mm 6mm 34mm 28mm
    M1.3 1.244mm 16mm 11mm 44mm 39mm
    M1.5 1.470mm 14mm 13mm 45mm 43mm
    M2 1.970mm 16mm 15mm 50mm 48mm
    M2.5 2.470mm 18mm 17mm 56mm 53mm
    M3 2.960mm 20mm 18mm 63mm 60mm
    M4 3.960mm 25mm 23mm 70mm 66mm
    M5 4.960mm 28mm 26mm 80mm 76mm
    M6 5.950mm 32mm 30mm 90mm 86mm
    M8 7.950mm 36mm 34mm 100mm 95mm
    M10 9.950mm 40mm 38mm 112mm 106mm
    M12 11.950mm 45mm 43mm 125mm 119mm
    M14 13.930mm 56mm 53mm 140mm 133mm
    M17 16.930mm 63mm 60mm 160mm 152mm
    M19 18.930mm 70mm 67mm 280mm 271mm

    Note:

    While it might seem logical to assume that a screw would take the same size hex key as the screw size (that a M4 button head would take a M4 hex key for example), but in action the screw size relates to the screw diameter, just as with the hex key. The socket recess is a very different size and is different from screw type to screw type as shown here.

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